Piezo stack actuators require extremely little power to generate force due to its high mechanical power density and only consumes power when motion is generated, meaning piezo always has very low power consumption. They can withstand heat, are unaffected by magnetic fields, have high acceleration rates, and achieve very fast response times with almost no delay.
There are many advantages to using piezoelectric stack actuators thanks to its simple compact design with minimal moving parts that eliminate friction and wear, making them long lasting in many applications. However, the advantages and wide applications available with piezoelectric stacks far outweigh the additional costs. Piezo stack actuators are much more expensive than bimorph or unimorph actuators. Force is a function of size of the stack, proportional to the cross section area of the piezo stack. Force is high, yet displacement is small, allowing for very fine and precise movement with accuracy in nanometers. Thus, the high force capability of stack actuators does not compromise accuracy. Piezoelectric stack actuators are particularly useful because they can generate a lot of force, but the displacement is almost linear depending on the voltage. However, high voltages require a lot of insultation, and because stacks are designed to operate at a specific voltage, using more voltage than specified will not achieve more performance and may damage the unit. The higher the voltage, the larger the displacement. The most common stack actuators are 150 volts. Displacement is proportional to the height of the stack. When piezo elements are stacked, there is a multiplying effect on amount of movement based on the number of individual elements in the stack. This linear displacement is responsible for actuation by creating force and generating movement. When multiple piezo elements are stacked, the device is capable of mechanical work and produces movement from the combined effect of each element’s expansion. On the other hand, these elements conversely expand or contract when an electric charge is applied, generating force and linear displacement.
Piezo elements are materials that can produce an electric charge when deformed.
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